Chemical stimulants and sleeping aids have a long history of use in improving performance in military personnel. The first pharmacologic stimulant, Amphetamine, became available by prescription in 1937 and was used in WWII.
In the aviation community, these meds are often known as 'Go' and 'No-Go' pills. The 2002 Tarnak Farms incident sparked controversy when pilots argued stimulants contributed to the friendly fire tragedy.
In the USAF, three sleep aids (temazepam, zolpidem, & zaleplon) and two stimulants (dextroamphetamine & modafinil) are approved for certain aircrew in particular operational situations.
Medical Studies on Sleep Aids
Studies have found that zolpidem shows no residual effects on daytime wakefulness and could be considered for operational use.
Medical Studies on Stimulants
Studies on deployed F-15 Strike Eagle aircrew found stimulants decreased in-flight and postflight fatigue without significant differences in postflight symptoms.
See also: Strategies to Combat Fatigue Without Prescription Medications
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